The Paris CommuneThe Paris Commune or Fourth French Revolution (French: La Commune de Paris, IPA: [la kɔmyn də paʁi]) was a socialistic government that briefly ruled Paris starting from the middle of March 1871. Though elected as the city council (in French, the "commune"), the Commune eventually proclaimed its own authority to govern all of France.[1] Its controversial governance and its break with the elected government of France led to its brutal suppression by regular French forces in "The Bloody Week" ("La Semaine ensanglante") beginning in May 28, 1871. Debates over the policies and outcome of the Commune had significant political repercussions both inside and outside France during the 20th Century.
Encyclopaedia Britannica on The Paris Commune
The Marxist Internet Archive on The Paris Commune The Marxist Internet Archive on Adolphe Thiers Jules Ferry |
Georges Boulanger |
Panama Scandal
Dreyfus Affair
The Golden Age of French Culture
ArtGustave CourbetJean-François Millet
Claude MonetPaul Cézanne
CubismFauvism (Henri Matisse)Auguste Rodin |
LiteratureGustave Flaubert (realism)Émile Zola (naturalism)Guy de Maupassant (short story; thought the Eiffel Tower was ugly, so ate there every day so he wouldn't have to see it)Paul Verlaine (poetry)Charles BaudelaireStéphane Mallarmé
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Music and CinemaJacques Offenbach (Can Can)Georges Bizet (Carmen)Claude Debussy (Clair de lune)Maurice Ravel (Bolero)Gabriel Fauré (Requiem)Paul DukasLumière BrothersGeorges Méliès |